Clinical Assessment and Examination in Orthopedics 2nd Edition

1. History Taking and Clinical Examination …………………………………………………….. 1
• History Taking 1
• Examination of Swelling 3
• Examination of Ulcer 4
• Examination of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors 5
• Examination of Bone and Joint Infection 6
2. Examination of Injured Patient……………………………………………………………………. 8
• Introduction 8
• Initial Management of the Trauma Patient 8
• History 10
• Examination 11
• Special Note 14
3. Examination of Patient with Bone and Joint Injuries………………………………….. 17
• History 17
• Examination 18
• Specific Conditions 19
4. Examination of Neuromuscular Disease……………………………………………………. 22
• History 22
• Examination 22
• Upper Limb 23
• Lower Limb 23
• Special Tests 25
5. Examination of Shoulder ………………………………………………………………………….. 27
• History 27
• Clinical Examination 29
• Strength Test 32
• Impingement Tests 35
• Biceps Test 37
• Acromioclavicular Tests 38
• Instability Tests 38
• Neck Examination 40
• Neurovascular Examination 41
• Common Conditions Affecting Shoulder 41
6. Examination of Elbow ………………………………………………………………………………. 45
• Look 45
• Feel 46
• Move 47
• Measure 48
• Stability Tests 48
• Specific Conditions 49
7. Examination of Wrist………………………………………………………………………………… 52
• History 52
• Clinical Examination 52
• Look 53
• Feel 53
• Move 53
• Assessment of Instability 53
• Assessment of Radial Wrist Pain 57
• Assessment of Ulnar Wrist Pain 60
• Assessment of Dorsal Wrist Pain 61
• Assessment of Palmar Wrist Pain 62
• Assessment of Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) 62
• Specific Conditions 63
8. Examination of Hand………………………………………………………………………………… 66
• Look 67
• Feel 68
• Move 68
• Specific Conditions 69
• Examination of the Hand with Lacerations 71
• Traumatic Amputations and Microsurgery 72
• Hand Infections 72
9. Examination of Peripheral Nerves and Brachial Plexus ……………………………… 74
• Look 74
• Feel 75
• Move 75
• Neurological Examination 76
• Examination of Individual Nerves 76
• Median Nerve 76
• Ulnar Nerve 78
• Radial Nerve 79
• Compression Neuropathy 80
• Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment 83
• Brachial Plexus Injury 83
• Examination of the Brachial Plexus 84
• Lower Limb Nerve Injury 86
10. Examination of Spine ……………………………………………………………………………….. 87
• Clinical Red Flags in Back Pain 88
• Thoracolumbar Examination 90
• Specific Conditions 99
• Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s Disease) 100
• Examination of the Cervical Spine 104
• Specific Conditions 106
11. Examination of Hip …………………………………………………………………………………. 109
• Presenting History 109
• General Examination 110
• Patient Standing 111
• Supine on Couch 112
• Lateral on Couch 118
• Prone Examination 118
• Conditions Affecting Hip 119
• Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Stress Test 123
12. Examination of Knee ………………………………………………………………………………. 125
• Presenting Complaint 125
• Local Examination 126
• Special Tests to Assess Joint Stability 130
• Patellofemoral Joint Problems 134
• Special Note 135
13. Examination of Ankle and Foot……………………………………………………………….. 142
• Presenting Complaint 142
• Past History 143
• Family History 143
• Personal History 143
• Treatment History 143
• Examination 143
• Local Examination 146
• Ankle 150
• Subtalar Joint 151
• Midtarsal Joint 152
• Tarsometatarsal Joints 152
• Achilles Tendon 152
• Tibialis Posterior 153
• Dorsiflexors 154
• Peroneals 154
• Heel 156
• The Great Toe 156
• Great Toenail and Nail Bedproblems 157
• Metatarsal Region 157
• Lesser Toes 159
• Specific Conditions 159
14. Examination of Rotational Deformities in Lower Limb ……………………………… 167
• History 167
• Examination 167
Index …… 171