Epidemics and Pandemics [2 volumes]: From Ancient Plagues to Modern-Day Threats PDF

VOLUME 1
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xv
Part 1: The Fundamentals
1. A Look Inside: Pathogens and the Human Body 3
The Types of Pathogens That Cause Infectious Disease 4
The Human Body Fights Back: The Immune System, Resistance, and
Immunity 11
The Damage That Pathogens Can Cause Inside the Human Body 15
Various Symptoms: The Signs on the Outside 19
Sources and Further Reading 22
2. Gateways for Pathogens: Sources, Hosts, Vectors, and Contracting
Disease 25
Infectious Diseases: Reservoirs, Hosts, and Pathogen Sources 26
“Catching Diseases”: How Microscopic Pathogens Enter the Human Body 33
Parasitic Worms and Disease 41
Sources and Further Reading 43
3. Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics 45
Outbreak: Disease Occurring within Limited Populations 48
Epidemic: When Disease Spreads beyond Limited Populations 53
Pandemic: Beyond an Epidemic in Space, Severity, and Duration 55
Sources and Further Reading 58
4. Confronting Infectious Disease: Before Germ Theory 61
Theories of Health and Disease before the Discovery of Germs 62
Campaigns against Plague before the Discovery of Germs 71
Nineteenth-century Medical Achievements before the Discovery of Germs 76
Sources and Further Reading 82
5. Battles against Infectious Disease: Triumph of Germ Theory 85
Discovering and Subduing the Germ: Major Medical Advances from Louis Pasteur
to Unravelling the Genome 86
Major Public Health Advances of the Twentieth Century 94
A World War against Disease: International Organization and Efforts 101
Sources and Further Reading 107
6. Epidemic Disease in the Twenty-First Century 109
Perfect Storms: Social, Economic, and Political Conditions Conducive to
Disease 110
Continuing Diseases 115
New and Emerging Diseases 120
Reemerging Diseases 127
Frontiers of Medicine: Trends in Prevention and Treatment 130
Some Contemporary Global Public Health Initiatives 132
Sources and Further Reading 135
Part 2: Epidemics and Human Society
7. Economics and Epidemic Disease 141
Economics and the Spread of Pathogens 142
Wealth, Poverty, and Disease 149
Economic Effects of Epidemics 155
State Economic Intervention in Disease Prevention and Control 159
Sources and Further Reading 161
8. Governments, Politics, and Plagues 165
Plagues and Governments in the Premodern World 166
The Age of Cholera and Nineteenth-Century International Cooperation 173
AIDS and the Modern State in the 1980s 179
Epilogue: COVID-19 183
Sources and Further Reading 184
9. Religion, Magic, and Epidemic Disease 187
Religious Causal Explanations: From Apollo to Ebola 188
Religious Responses to Disease 191
Religious Factors in Spreading Disease 198
Effects of Epidemic Disease on Religion 203
Magic as Cause and Cure 207
Sources and Further Reading 208
10. War and Epidemics 211
The Gathering: Mobilization, Training, Disease, and Infection Prevention 212
Before the Shooting Starts: Camp and Garrison Life and Disease 213
When the Marching Starts 215
War, Disease, and the Noncombatant 223
Biological Warfare 227
When the Shooting Stops 229
Sources and Further Reading 232
11. Colonialism, Slavery, Racism, and Epidemic Disease 233
Contact: Initial Shocks 233
Slave Life in the Americas 246
Race, Ethnicity, and Disease 249
Sources and Further Reading 255
12. Sex and Epidemic Disease 259
Pathogens and STDs 260
Historical Perspectives on Venereal Diseases 266
The Sexual Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s 272
From Transmission to Epidemic 274
Sources and Further Reading 276
13. Media and Epidemics from Gutenberg to AIDS 279
Early Popular Press and Epidemic Disease 281
Emerging Telecommunication and Mass Media 287
Mass Media and AIDS in the 1980s 294
Sources and Further Reading 298
14. Disease in the Literary, Visual, and Performing Arts 301
The Arts and the Second Plague Pandemic 302
Tuberculosis, Romanticism, and Realism 307
AIDS and the Arts 314
Fictional Diseases in Contemporary Films and Novels 321
Sources and Further Reading 324
VOLUME 2
1. Malaria in Ancient Rome 1
2. First Plague Pandemic, 541–747 7
3. Smallpox Epidemic in Japan, 735–737 15
4. Leprosy in Medieval Europe 19
5. The Black Death Begins: The Second Plague Pandemic, 1346–1352 25
6. Epidemics in Sixteenth-Century America 45
7. “French Disease” in Sixteenth-Century Europe 59
8. Epidemics and the Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648 67
9. Plague in Italian Cities, 1630s 73
10. Epidemics in China, 1635–1644 81
11. Plague in London, 1665 87
12. Plague in Marseille, 1720–1722 97
13. Smallpox in Boston, 1721 103
14. Smallpox in Eighteenth-Century Europe 109
15. Plague in Moscow, 1771 117
16. Yellow Fever in Hispaniola, 1793–1804 125
17. Yellow Fever in Philadelphia, 1793 133
18. Epidemics in the Napoleonic Wars, 1797–1815 139
19. Consumption in the Nineteenth Century 143
20. First Cholera Pandemic, 1817–1824 151
21. Second Cholera Pandemic, 1827–1835 157
22. Third Cholera Pandemic, 1839–1856 169
23. Typhoid Fever in Cities, 1850–1920 179
24. Yellow Fever in New Orleans, 1853 187
25. Fourth Cholera Pandemic, 1863–1875 193
26. Smallpox in Europe, 1870–1875 201
27. Measles in Fiji, 1875 209
28. Fifth Cholera Pandemic, 1881–1896 213
29. Influenza Pandemic, 1889–1893 223
30. Cholera Epidemic in Hamburg, 1892 227
31. Third Plague Pandemic, 1894–? 235
32. Sixth Cholera Pandemic, 1899–1923 247
33. Sleeping Sickness in East Central Africa, 1900–1905 255
34. Typhoid Mary’s “Epidemics,” 1906–1915 261
35. Pneumonic Plague Epidemic in Manchuria, 1910–1911 267
36. Cholera Epidemic in Naples, 1910–1911 273
37. Poliomyelitis in the United States, 1916 279
38. Influenza Pandemic, 1918–1919 285
39. Poliomyelitis in the United States, 1945–1955 297
40. Seventh Cholera Pandemic, 1961– 307
41. Contemporary HIV/AIDS Pandemic, 1980– 313
42. The Mad Cow Crisis and Transmissible Spongiform
Encephalopathies, 1985– 327
43. Contemporary Malaria 335
44. Contemporary Tuberculosis 343
45. SARS Epidemic, East Asia, 2002–2003 349
46. “Asian Flu” (H1N1) Epidemic, Asia, 2009–2010 355
47. MERS Epidemic, Middle East, 2012–? 359
48. Ebola Virus Epidemic, West Africa, 2013–2016 363
49. Pneumonic Plague Epidemic, Madagascar, 2014–2017 369
50. Zika Virus Epidemic, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2015–2017 373
51. Cholera Epidemic, Yemen, 2017–? 377
52. Contemporary Measles Outbreaks, United States 381
Glossary 385
Bibliography 391
Index 395
Epidemics and Pandemics [2 volumes]: From Ancient Plagues to Modern-Day Threats PDF Ebook

Joseph P. Byrne holds a doctorate in medieval and early modern European history from Indiana University. He has taught in the honors program and history department at Belmont University since 1988.

Jo N. Hays is professor emeritus of history at Loyola University. He received his PhD in history and the history of science from the University of Chicago.