Fundamentals of Oral Histology and Physiology

Contributor List viii

Preface ix

1 Oral Structures and Tissues 1
Arthur R. Hand and Marion E. Frank

The oral cavity 1

Oral mucosa 3

Teeth 4

Supporting tissues of the teeth 5

Salivary glands 5

Temporomandibular joint 7

PART I DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 2 Development of the Head, Face, and Mouth 13
Joseph A. Grasso

Introduction 13

Early events establishing the head region 13

Development of the pharyngeal region

and the pharyngeal arches 19

Development of the face and jaws 26

Clinical correlations 40

Chapter 3 Tooth Development 44
Martyn T. Cobourne and Paul T. Sharpe

The histology of tooth development 44

The biology of early tooth development 47

The molecular control of early tooth development 51

Clinical correlations 54

PART II THE TEETH

Chapter 4 Enamel 63
Arthur R. Hand

Enamel structure, composition, and properties 63

Enamel formation 69

Clinical correlations 79

Chapter 5 Dentin, Pulp, and Tooth Pain 85
Michel Goldberg

Evolution of dental structures 85

Dentin structure and composition 85

Dentin formation 90

Pulp structure and function 97

Pulp vascularization 100

Innervation of the dentin and pulp 102

Mechanisms of tooth pain 103

Clinical correlations 105

PART III TOOTH AND JAW SUPPORT

Chapter 6 Structure and Physiology of the Periodontium 115
Arthur R. Hand

Cementum structure, composition and formation 115

Periodontal ligament structure and function 122

Sensory functions of the periodontal ligament 128

Structure and function of alveolar bone 128

Clinical correlations 132

Chapter 7 Tooth Eruption and Shedding 136
Arthur R. Hand

Normal eruption sequence 136

Histology of tooth eruption 138

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of tooth eruption 144

Structure and formation of the dentogingival junction 144

Clinical correlations 147

Chapter 8 Temporomandibular Joint 149
Felipe Porto

Structure of the TMJ 149

TMJ histology 153

Function (biomechanics) of the TMJ 154

Clinical correlations 156

PART IV MUCOSAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Chapter 9 Oral Mucosa and Mucosal Sensation 165
Ellen Eisenberg, Easwar natarajan, and Bradley K. Formaker

The oral cavity – anatomy 165

Oral mucosa 169

Stratified squamous epithelium – general principles \and differentiation 171

The epithelial-stromal interface 175

Non-keratinocytes 176

Types of oral mucosa 176

Oral sensation 179

Clinical correlations 182

Chapter 10 Chemoreception and Perception 191
Marion E. Frank

Taste 191

Smell 205

Oral chemosensation 216

Clinical correlations 217

PART V ORAL EFFECTORS

Chapter 11 Salivary Glands, Salivary Secretion, and Saliva 223
Arthur R. Hand

Structure 223

Development 230

Major glands 231

Minor glands 232

Salivary secretion 233

Saliva composition and function 235

Diagnostic and forensic uses of saliva 238

Clinical correlations 238

Chapter 12 Orofacial Pain, Touch and Thermosensation, and Sensorimotor Functions 241
Barry J. Sessle

Sensory functions 241

Sensorimotor functions and motor control 251

Clinical correlations 258

Chapter 13 Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production 263
Janet Rovalino

Phonation and vocal tract modulations 263

Articulation 267

Clinical correlations 269

Index 274

Arthur R. Hand, DDS, is Professor of Craniofacial Sciences and Cell Biology at the University of Connecticut Health Center. He has more than 180 peer-reviewed publications, was the founding editor of Advances in Dental Research, and serves or has served on the editorial boards of The Journal of Oral Science, Journal of Dental Research, Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Biotechnic & Histochemistry and Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica. Prior to his position in academia, he spent 21 years as a scientist in the intramural research program of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. He has directed a course for 1st year dental students on Oral Histology and Physiology for more than 15 years.

Marion E. Frank, PhD, is Professor of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences and Director of the Center for Chemosensory Sciences at the University of Connecticut Health Center. Her basic and clinical research in the chemical senses is reported in more than 65 peer-reviewed publications and she has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of General Physiology, Journal of Neurophysiolgy and Chemical Senses. She obtained her doctorate from Brown University and began her academic career at the Rockefeller University before joining the School of Dental Medicine to teach Oral Physiology and Neuroscience and lead the research team of the NIH-sponsored Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center in Farmington.