Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English 1st Edition PDF

Preface
Abbreviations, symbols, and
conventions
Grammar Bites in each chapter
perspective on grammar
1.1 lntroduction
1.2 A corpus-based grammar
1.3 More about language variation
1.4 More detail on the LSWE Corpus
1.5 Overview of the book
1.6 Conventions used in the book
z,a lntroduction
2.2 What are words?
2.3 Survey of lexical words
2.4 Survey of function words
2.5 Special classes of words
2.6 Word-class ambiguities
and clauses
3.1 lntroduction
3.2 Phrases and their characteristics
3.3 Types of phrases
3.4 A preview of clause patterns
3.5 Clause elements
simple noun phrase
4.1 lntroduction
4.2 Main types of nouns
4.3 Proper nouns v. common nouns
4.4 Package nouns
45 Determiners
4.6 The articles
4.7 Other determiners
4.8 Number: singular and plural
4.9 Case: the genitive
410 Gender
4.11 The formation of derived nouns
412 Personal pronouns
413 Reflexive pronouns
4.14 Demonstrative pronouns
iv . . .
Vlll
4.15 Indefinite pronouns 99
4.16 Other pronouns 101
5.2 Introduction 103
5.2 Verb functions and classes
5.3 Semantic categories of lexical
verbs
5.4 The most common lexical verbs
5.5 Regular and irregular verb
endings
5.6 Verb formation
5.7 Valency patterns
5.8 Multi-word verbs: structure and
meaning
5.9 Phrasal verbs
5.10 Prepositional verbs
5.11 Phrasal-prepositional verbs
5.12 Other multi-word verb
constructions
5.13 Be
5.14 Have
5.15 DO
5.16 The copula be, and other copular
verbs
5.17 Functions of copular verbs
voice, and modal use
6.1 lntroduction
6.2 Tense and time distinctions:
simple present and past tense
6.3 Perfect and progressive aspect
6.4 Perfect aspect in use
6.5 Progressive aspect
6.6 Active and passive voice
6.7 Associations between verbs and
passive voice
6.8 Voice and aspect combinations
6.9 Modals and semi-modals
6.10 Personal and logical meanings of
modals
6.11 Be going to and used to
6.12 Modals combined with aspect or
voice
vi Contents
6.13 Sequences of modals and semimodals
184
7.1. Introduction 187
7.2 Characteristics of adjectives 188
7.3 The formation of adjectives 190
7.4 The function of adverbs 193
7.5 The formation of adverbs 193
7.6 Semantic categories of adjectives 197
7.7 More about attributive adjectives 199
7.8 More about predicative
adjectives 200
7.9 Other syntactic roles of adjectives 202
7.10 Syntactic roles of adverbs 204
7.11 Semantic categories of adverbs 208
7.12 Comparative and superlative
forms of adjectives 215
7.13 Comparative and superlative
forms of adverbs 218
7.14 Comparative clauses and other
degree complements 218
8.1 Introduction 222
8.2 Devices of elaboration and
condensation 223
8.3 Subordination and dependent
clauses 224
8.4 Coordination 227
8.5 Ellipsis and structural
condensation 230
8.6 The subject-verb concord rule 232
8.7 Verbs as operators 238
8.8 Negation 239
8.9 Major types of independent
clause 248
8.10 Declarative clauses 249
8.11 Interrogative clauses 249
8.12 Exclamative clauses 254
8.13 Imperative clauses 254
8.14 Non-clausal material 255
8.15 Finite dependent clauses 256
8.16 Non-finite dependent clauses 259
8.17 Subjunctive verbs in dependent
clauses 26 1
8.18 Dependent clauses with no main
clause 262
~~orn~nolune pxhra ses
9.1 lntroduction
9.2 Survey of noun modifier types
9.3 Noun phrases with premodifiers
and postmodifiers across registers
9.4 Types of premodifiers
9.5 Meaning relationships expressed
by noun + noun sequences
9.6 Noun phrases with multiple
premodifiers
9.7 Restrictive v. non-restrictive
function
9.8 Postmodification by relative
clauses
9.9 Postmodification by non-finite
clauses
9.10 Postrnodification by
prepositional phrase
9.11 Postmodification by appositive
noun phrases
9.12 Noun phrases with multiple
postmodifiers
9.13 Noun complement clauses
9.14 Head nouns with noun
complement clauses
10.1 lntroduction
10.2 Types of complement clauses
10.3 Grammatical positions of
complement clauses
10.4 Discourse functions of thatclauses
10.5 Post-predicate that-clauses
lo.& Verbs controlling extraposed
that-clauses
10.7 That-clauses controlled by
adjectives
10.8 Discourse choices with thatclauses
10.9 Structure and function of whclauses
10.10 Post-predicate wh-clauses
controlled by verbs
lo.li lnterrogative clauses with
whether and if
10.22 Overview of infinitive clauses
10.13 Post-predicate to-clauses
controlled by verbs
i0.1~) Subject predicative to-clauses
10.15 Post-predicate to-clauses
controlled by adjectives
10.16 Raising
10.17 Extraposed to-clauses
10.18 Raising v. extraposition
1o.lg To-clause types across registers
10.20 Overview of ing-clauses
10.21 Post-predicate ing-clauses
10.22 Ellipsis and substitution in
complement clauses
10.23 Choice of complement clause
type
353
1;i,i Introduction 354
11.2 The main classes of adverbials 355
11.3 Syntactic forms of adverbials 358
11.4 Positions of adverbial5 359
11.5 The relationship between
adverbials and other clause
elements 36 1
11.6 semantic categories of
circumstance adverbial5 362
11.7 Extremely common circumstance
adverbial5 in conversation 368
11.8 Positions of circumstance
adverbial5 369
11.9 Additional semantic categories of
circumstance adverbial clauses 373
11.10 Syntactic forms of adverbial
clauses 376
li.11 Positions of adverbial clauses 378
11.12 Subordinators with circumstance
adverbial clauses 380
11.13 Semantic categories of stance
adverbial5 382
11.14 The most common stance
adverbial5 386
11.15 Positions of stance adverbials 387
11.16 Other discourse functions of
stance adverbial5 388
11.17 Semantic categories of linking
adverbial5 389
11.18 The most common linking
adverbials in conversation and
academic prose 393
11.19 Positions of linking adverbials 394
–
ord order choices 397
32.1 Introduction 398
12.2 Word order 400
12.3 Fronting 400
12.4 Inversion 405
12.5 Existential there 412
12.6 The verb in existential there
clauses 414
12.7 The notional subject 414
12.8 Adverbials in existential clauses 415
12.9 Simple v. complex existential
clauses 415
12.10 Discourse functions of existential
clauses 416
12.11 Dislocation 418
12.12 Clefting 419
12.13 Word order choices after the verb 423
12.14 Summary: syntactic choices in
conversation v. academic prose 425
conversation 427
13.1 Introduction 428
13.2 The discourse circumstances of
conversation 429
13.3 Performance phenomena in
conversation 436
13.4 Non-clausal units 440
13.5 Ellipsis 44 1
13.6 Lexical bundles in speech 443
13.7 Inserts 449
Glossary of terms
A-Z list of irregular verbs
Index
Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English 1st Edition PDF Ebook

Douglas Bi ber
Susan Conrad
Geoffrey Leech