MRI: Basic Principles and Applications Fifth Edition PDF

1 Production of net magnetization, 1
1.1 Magnetic fields, 1
1.2 Nuclear spin, 2
1.3 Nuclear magnetic moments, 4
1.4 Larmor precession, 4
1.5 Net magnetization, 6
1.6 Susceptibility and magnetic materials, 8
2 Concepts of magnetic resonance, 10
2.1 Radiofrequency excitation, 10
2.2 Radiofrequency signal detection, 12
2.3 Chemical shift, 14
3 Relaxation, 17
3.1 T1 relaxation and saturation, 17
3.2 T2 relaxation, T2* relaxation, and spin echoes, 21
4 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging – 1, 26
4.1 Gradient fields, 26
4.2 Slice selection, 28
4.3 Readout or frequency encoding, 30
4.4 Phase encoding, 33
4.5 Sequence looping, 35
5 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging – 2, 39
5.1 Frequency selective excitation, 39
5.2 Composite pulses, 44
5.3 Raw data and image data matrices, 46
5.4 Signal-to-noise ratio and tradeoffs, 47
5.5 Raw data and k-space, 48
5.6 Reduced k-space techniques, 51
5.7 Reordered k-space filling techniques, 54
5.8 Other k-space filling techniques, 56
5.9 Phased-array coils, 58
5.10 Parallel acquisition methods, 60
6 Pulse sequences, 65
6.1 Spin echo sequences, 67
6.2 Gradient echo sequences, 70
6.3 Echo planar imaging sequences, 75
6.4 Magnetization-prepared sequences, 77
7 Measurement parameters and image contrast, 86
7.1 Intrinsic parameters, 87
7.2 Extrinsic parameters, 89
7.3 Parameter tradeoffs, 91
8 Signal suppression techniques, 94
8.1 Spatial presaturation, 94
8.2 Magnetization transfer suppression, 96
8.3 Frequency-selective saturation, 99
8.4 Nonsaturation methods, 101
9 Artifacts, 103
9.1 Motion artifacts, 103
9.2 Sequence/Protocol-related artifacts, 105
9.3 External artifacts, 119
10 Motion artifact reduction techniques, 126
10.1 Acquisition parameter modification, 126
10.2 Triggering/Gating, 127
10.3 Flow compensation, 132
10.4 Radial-based motion compensation, 134
11 Magnetic resonance angiography, 135
11.1 Time-of-flight MRA, 137
11.2 Phase contrast MRA, 141
11.3 Maximum intensity projection, 144
12 Advanced imaging applications, 147
12.1 Diffusion, 147
12.2 Perfusion, 153
12.3 Functional brain imaging, 156
12.4 Ultra-high field imaging, 158
12.5 Noble gas imaging, 159
13 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 162
13.1 Additional concepts, 162
13.2 Localization techniques, 167
13.3 Spectral analysis and postprocessing, 169
13.4 Ultra-high field spectroscopy, 173
14 Instrumentation, 177
14.1 Computer systems, 177
14.2 Magnet system, 180
14.3 Gradient system, 182
14.4 Radiofrequency system, 184
14.5 Data acquisition system, 186
14.6 Summary of system components, 187
15 Contrast agents, 189
15.1 Intravenous agents, 190
15.2 Oral agents, 195
16 Safety, 196
16.1 Base magnetic field, 197
16.2 Cryogens, 197
16.3 Gradients, 198
16.4 RF power deposition, 198
16.5 Contrast media, 199
17 Clinical applications, 200
17.1 General principles of clinical MR imaging, 200
17.2 Examination design considerations, 202
17.3 Protocol considerations for anatomical regions, 203
17.4 Recommendations for specific sequences and
clinical situations, 218
MRI: Basic Principles and Applications Fifth Edition PDF Ebook

Brian M. Dale, Ph.D. MBA is Zone Research Manager, MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions, Inc. Brian is a younger colleague at Siemens of the previous co-author, Dr Mark Brown. Brian has a PhD in biomedical engineering from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH. His interests are in sequence programming and optimal design.

Mark A. Brown, Ph.D. is Senior Technical Instructor at Siemens Medical Solutions Training and Development Center. He received his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from Duke University, in Durham, NC. His research interests include relaxation and exchange phenomena and in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging.

Richard Semelka, MD, is Director of Magnetic Resonance Services, Professor, and Vice Chairman of Radiology at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Medical School. He received his medical degree and residency training in radiology in his native Canada at the University of Manitoba, and completed a clinical research fellowship in MRI of the body at the University of California at San Francisco. Dr. Semelka has authored over 300 peer-reviewed articles, 12 textbooks including the Wiley Abdominal-Pelvic MRI and Current Clinical Imaging series and is an internationally acclaimed authority in the field.