ORTHOBULLETS Textbook & MCQs 2021 PDF

ORTHOBULLETS Textbook & MCQs 2021 PDF Free Download

Trauma is a major public health problem with high disability, death, and societal cost
Three peak times of death after trauma
within the first minutes of sustaining the injury
caused by massive blood loss or neurolagic injury
30% within the first few days
most commonty fram shock, hypoxia, or neuralagic injury
20% within days fo weeks following injury
multi system organ failure and infection are leading causes
Golden Hour
period of time when life threating and limb threatening injuries should be treated in order to decrease mortality &
estimated 60% of preventable deaths can occur during this time ranging from minutes to hours.
Use of an airbag in a head-on collision significantly decreases the rate of
closed head injuries
facial fractures
thoracoabdominal injuries
need for extraction
Psychological
25% incidence of PTSD after traumatic event involving orthopedic injuries
females 4x more likely to develop PTSD
33% incidence of depression
Evaluation
* Primary survey
» treat greatest threats to life first
© pelvic fractures can be a life threatening intervened on by orthopedic surgeons
2. brief history
+ ABCDE’s
© Airway
« includes cervical spine control
« Breathing and ventilation
® Circulation
« includes hemorrhage control and resuscitation (below)
© pregnant women should be placed in the left lateral decubitus position to jimit positional hypotension
© Otsability
= Exposure
* Secondary survey
+ physical examination and updated history
© obtain indicated imaging studies
«© Tertiary survey
© repeat physical examination and additional imaging as indicated when mental status has stabilized
: formal tertiary survey decreases chances of missed orthopedic inury
Hemorrhagic Shock Classification & Fluld Resuscitation