Paediatric Critical Care Manual PDF

Preface v
Acknowledgments vii
Section I
Resuscitation 1
1. Approach to a Sick Child 1
2. Emergency Triage 6
3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 9
4. Paediatric Medical Emergency Team 15
5. Transport of Sick Children 18
6. Anaphylaxis 24
Section II
Monitoring Modalities in PICU 27
7. Quality Indicators 27
8. Temperature Monitoring 32
9. Respiratory Monitoring 34
10. Seven Steps to ABG Interpretation 43
11. Basic Haemodynamic Monitoring 45
12. Advanced Haemodynamic Monitoring 55
13. Ultrasound in Critical Care: Haemodynamics and
Vascular Assessment 65
14. Ultrasound in Critical Care: Pulmonary and Other Uses 72
15. Ultrasound in Critical Care: Miscellaneous Applications 82
16. Neuromonitoring 85
Section III
Respiratory System 91
17. Respiratory Failure 91
x • Table of Contents
18. Acute Oxygen Therapy 103
19. High-Flow Nasal Cannula 106
20. Intubation and RSI in Children 109
21. Intubation in Special Scenarios 116
22. Difficult Intubation 118
23. Physiologically Difficult Airway 124
24. Acute Care of Chronic Lung Disease 127
25. Mechanical Ventilation: Modes of Ventilation 131
26. Mechanical Ventilation: Ventilatory Graphics 139
27. Mechanical Ventilation: Troubleshooting 160
28. Mechanical Ventilation: Weaning and Extubation 165
29. Mechanical Ventilation: Non-Invasive Ventilation 170
30. High-Frequency Oscillation Ventilation 175
31. Mechanical Ventilation: Newer Modes 183
32. Disease-Specific Ventilation 188
33. Upper Airway Obstruction 192
34. Croup and Croup-Like Illnesses 196
35. Bronchiolitis 199
36. Acute Severe Asthma 205
37. Community-Acquired Pneumonia 212
38. Empyema 218
39. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 225
40. Pulmonary Oedema 235
41. Tracheostomy Care 237
Section IV
Cardiovascular System 243
42. Shock—Initial Assessment and Management 243
43. Septic Shock 252
44. Cardiogenic Shock 263
45. Obstructive Shock 274
46. Dengue and Dengue Shock Syndrome 276
47. Arrhythmias in Children 286
48. Supraventricular Tachycardia 299
Table of Contents • xi
49. Cyanotic Spells 303
50. Acute Myocarditis 306
51. Kawasaki Disease 310
52. Inotropes and Vasoactive Medications 317
53. Pulmonary Hypertension and Crisis 323
54. Pulmonary Embolism 330
55. Pericardial Tamponade 339
56. General Care of a Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient 342
57. Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in a Postoperative Cardiac
Surgical Patient 351
58. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 355
Section V
Neurological System 365
59. Altered Sensorium 365
60. Acute Febrile Encephalopathy 370
61. Intracranial Hypertension 383
62. Traumatic Brain Injury 391
63. Status Epilepticus 402
64. Stroke 409
65. Brain Death Criteria 414
66. Spinal Cord Trauma 418
67. Acute Neuromuscular Disorders 422
68. Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy 430
69. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care 432
70. Care of a Potential Organ Donor 435
Section VI
Sedation and Analgesia 441
71. Sedation and Analgesia in PICU 441
72. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Children 453
73. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 464
xii • Table of Contents
Section VII
Gastrointestinal System 470
74. Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding 470
75. Acute Abdomen 479
76. Severe Acute Pancreatitis 486
77. Acute Liver Failure 492
78. Reye Syndrome 502
79. Peritonitis 505
80. Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 513
81. Nutrition in Critically Ill Child 521
82. Parenteral Nutrition 532
83. Diarrhoea in PICU 539
84. Nutritional Challenges in PICU 546
85. Paediatric Liver Transplantation 554
Section VIII
Renal System 570
86. Acute Kidney Injury 570
87. Hypertensive Crises 580
88. Renal Replacement Therapy 587
89. Thrombotic Microangiopathies 596
90. Renal Transplant 604
Section IX
Metabolic and Endocrine System 614
91. Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia 614
92. Diabetic Ketoacidosis 618
93. Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis 626
94. Disturbances of Potassium Regulation: Hyperkalemia and
Hypokalemia 634
95. Disorders of Sodium Regulation: Hyponatraemia and
Hypernatraemia 640
96. Disorders of Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus 650
97. Critical Illness–Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency 659
Table of Contents • xiii
Section X
Infectious Diseases 663
98. Temperature Instabilities in PICU 663
99. Infection Prevention and Control 670
100. Empiric Antimicrobials for Common Illnesses in PICU 677
101. Health Care–Associated Infection: CVC Infections 683
102. Health Care–Associated Infection: UTI 689
103. Nosocomial Pneumonia 691
104. Antibiotic Resistance and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria 698
105. Invasive Fungal Infections and Antifungal Medications 709
106. Infections in Immunocompromised Host 718
107. Severe Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections 722
108. Severe Malaria 728
109. Tropical Infections in PICU 732
Section XI
Hematology and Transplant Medicine 741
110. Blood Products and Transfusion Practices 741
111. Febrile Neutropenia 746
112. Oncological Emergencies 751
113. Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 756
114. Approach to a Bleeding Child 761
115. Post-Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Care 767
Section XII
Surgical Issues in PICU 777
116. Major Paediatric Trauma 777
117. Submersion Injury 785
118. Burn Injuries 788
119. Fluid Balance and Postoperative Care of a Paediatric Surgical Patient 795
xiv • Table of Contents
Section XIII
Poisoning and Toxicology 802
120. Poisoning 802
121. Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning 807
122. Acetaminophen Poisoning 811
123. Hydrocarbon Poisoning 813
124. Iron Poisoning 815
125. Corrosive Poisoning 817
126. Salicylate Poisoning 819
127. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 821
128. Methaemoglobinaemia 822
129. Rare and Dangerous Poisons 825
130. Snake Envenomation 831
131. Scorpion Envenomation 836
132. Animal Bite and Rabies 838
Section XIV
Common Procedures in PICU 844
133. Hand Hygiene 844
134. Defibrillation and Cardioversion 848
135. Intraosseous Line 851
136. Central Venous Line 854
137. Arterial Line 859
138. Laryngeal Mask Airway 864
139. Abdominal Paracentesis (Ascitic Tap) 868
140. Needle Thoracocentesis and Tube Thoracostomy 871
141. Cervical Spine Stabilisation 878
142. Cricothyroidotomy 881
143. Lumbar Puncture 883
144. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring 886
145. Pericardiocentesis 892
146. Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion 896
147. Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing 898
Appendices 903
Paediatric Critical Care Manual PDF Ebook

Shrishu R Kamath MBBS, DCH, DNB (Paediatrics)
Senior Consultant and Paediatric Intensivist
Department of Paediatric Intensive Care
SIMS Hospital
Chennai
and
Department of Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care
Sooriya Hospital
Chennai
Deepika Gandhi MBBS, DNB (Paediatrics)
Senior Consultant, Paediatric Intensivist and Head of the Department
Department of Paediatric Intensive Care
SIMS Hospital
Chennai