Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies 15th Edition PDF

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FROM THE
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
Foreword. 3
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis,
Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
and Adolescents . 5
See Appendix 2.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical
Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools 23
Bronchiolitis
The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
of Bronchiolitis 49
See Appendix 2.
Bronchiolitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Reference Tools. 81
Diabetes
Management of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
�Mellitus (T2DM) in Children and Adolescents 85
Technical Report: Management of
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children
and Adolescents 107
See Appendix 2.
Diabetes Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Reference Tools. 125
Dysplasia of the Hip
Early Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of
the Hip. 129
Technical Report Summary: Developmental
�Dysplasia of the Hip Practice Guideline . 141
Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Practice Guideline
Quick Reference Tools. 151
Febrile Seizures
Febrile Seizures: Clinical Practice Guideline for
the Long-term Management of the Child
With Simple Febrile Seizures 155
Febrile Seizures: Guideline for the Neurodiagnostic
Evaluation of the Child With
a Simple Febrile Seizure . 163
Febrile Seizures Clinical Practice Guidelines
Quick Reference Tools. 171
Hyperbilirubinemia
Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the
Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks
of Gestation. 175
Technical Report Summary: An Evidence-
Based Review of Important Issues
Concerning Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia 199
Technical Report: Phototherapy to Prevent
Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in
the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks
of Gestation. 213
2009 Commentary: Hyperbilirubinemia in
the Newborn Infant ≥35 Weeks’ Gestation:
An Update With Clarifications. 221
2009 Commentary: Universal Bilirubin
Screening, Guidelines, and Evidence 227
Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Practice Guideline
Quick Reference Tools. 231
Otitis Media
The Diagnosis and Management of Acute
Otitis Media 235
Otitis Media With Effusion. 273
Otitis Media Clinical Practice Guidelines
Quick Reference Tools. 293
Sinusitis
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and
�Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in
Children Aged 1 to 18 Years 305
See Appendix 2.
Technical Report: Evidence for the Diagnosis
and Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated
Sinusitis in Children: A Systematic Review 327
Sinusitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
�Reference Tools. 341
Sleep Apnea
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome 345
Technical Report: Diagnosis and
Management of Childhood Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Syndrome 357
See Appendix 2.
Sleep Apnea Clinical Practice Guideline
Quick Reference Tools. 399
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline
for the Diagnosis and Management of the
Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children
2 to 24 Months . 403
See Appendix 2.
Technical Report—Diagnosis and
Management of an Initial UTI in
Febrile Infants and Young Children 421
See Appendix 2.
2011 Commentary: The New American
Academy of Pediatrics Urinary Tract
Infection Guideline . 443
Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Practice
Guideline Quick Reference Tools. 447
SECTION 2
ENDORSED CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Autism
Screening and Diagnosis of Autism 453
Cerebral Palsy
Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With
Cerebral Palsy. 453
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
The Management of Community-Acquired
Pneumonia (CAP) in Infants and
Children Older Than 3 Months of Age. 453
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid
21-hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine
�Society Clinical Practice Guideline 453
Depression
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in
Primary Care (GLAD-PC): I. Identification,
�Assessment, and Initial Management 454
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in
Primary Care (GLAD-PC): II. Treatment
and Ongoing Management. 454
Dialysis
Shared Decision-Making in the Appropriate �Initiation
of and Withdrawal from Dialysis, 2nd Edition . 454
Endocarditis
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines
From the American Heart Association 454
Fluoride
Recommendations for Using Fluoride to
Prevent and Control Dental Caries in
the United States. 455
Food Allergy
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management
of Food Allergy in the United States:
Report of the NIAID-Sponsored
Expert Panel 455
Gastroenteritis
Managing Acute Gastroenteritis Among
Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance,
and Nutritional Therapy. 455
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Guidelines for Evaluation and Treatment of
�Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants
and Children. 455
Group B Streptococcal Disease
Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal
Disease: Revised Guidelines from
CDC, 2010 456
Helicobacter pylori Infection
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children:
�Recommendations for Diagnosis
and Treatment. 456
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic
Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem
Cell Transplant Recipients 456
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of
�Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed
and HIV-Infected Children 456
Immunocompromised Host
2013 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical
Practice Guidelines for the Immunization
of the Immunocompromised Host . 457
Influenza
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children—
Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,
and Institutional Outbreak Management:
Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious
�Diseases Society of America 458
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES VII
Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular
Catheter-Related Infections. 458
Jaundice
Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic
Jaundice in Infants 459
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious
Diseases Society of America for the
Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus Infections in
Adults and Children 459
Migraine Headache
Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine
Headache in Children and Adolescents. 459
Palliative Care
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative
Care, Third Edition. 459
Radiology
Neuroimaging of the Neonate. 459
Sedation and Analgesia
Clinical Policy: Evidence-based Approach
to Pharmacologic Agents Used in
Pediatric Sedation and Analgesia in
the Emergency Department 460
Seizure
Evaluating a First Nonfebrile Seizure
in Children. 460
Treatment of the Child With a First
Unprovoked Seizure 460
Status Epilepticus
Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With Status
�Epilepticus (An Evidence-based Review). 460
Tobacco Use
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence:
2008 Update. 461
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Report on the Management of Primary
Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children 462
SECTION 3
AFFIRMATION OF VALUE CLINICAL
�PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Asthma
Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma:
�Guidelines for Health Care Providers 465
Palliative Care and Hospice
Standards of Practice for Pediatric Palliative
Care and Hospice 465
Sleep Apnea
Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative
Management of Patients with Obstructive
Sleep Apnea. 465
Turner Syndrome
Care of Girls and Women With Turner Syndrome:
A Guideline of the Turner Syndrome
Study Group 465
SECTION 4
2014 POLICIES FROM THE AMERICAN
ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
Introduction 469
2014 Recommendations for Pediatric Preventive
Health Care 471
AAP Principles Concerning Retail-Based Clinics. 477
Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and
Issues—Addendum 483
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis,
�Treatment, and Prevention 489
Application of the Resource-Based Relative
Value Scale System to Pediatrics 505
Atopic Dermatitis: Skin-Directed Management 513
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and
Substance Abuse. 525
Child Life Services. 537
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP):
�Accomplishments, Challenges, and
Policy Recommendations 547
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With
Intellectual Disability or Global
Developmental Delays. 559
Contraception for Adolescents. 577
Contraception for Adolescents (Technical Report). 593
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department 621
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department
�(Technical Report). 627
Emergency Contraception: Addendum 647
Equipment for Ground Ambulances 651
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
Evaluating Children With Fractures for Child
�Physical Abuse 655
Fluoride Use in Caries Prevention in the �Primary
Care Setting. 671
High-Deductible Health Plans. 681
Hypothermia and Neonatal Encephalopathy. 693
Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery. 701
Immunization for Streptococcus pneumoniae
Infections in High-Risk Children. 707
Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults:
An Update on Causes and Consequences 713
Interferon-γ Release Assays for Diagnosis of
�Tuberculosis Infection and Disease
in Children. 727
Iodine Deficiency, Pollutant Chemicals, and
the Thyroid: New Information on an
Old Problem 741
Literacy Promotion: An Essential Component
of Primary Care Pediatric Practice. 747
Maintaining and Improving the Oral Health of
Young Children. 755
Management of Dental Trauma in a Primary
Care Setting. 763
Nonoral Feeding for Children and Youth With
�Developmental or Acquired Disabilities 777
Off-Label Use of Drugs in Children 797
Optimizing Bone Health in Children
and Adolescents 805
Out-of-Home Placement for Children and
�Adolescents With Disabilities. 823
Patient- and Family-Centered Care Coordination:
A Framework for Integrating Care for
Children and Youth Across Multiple
Systems 837
Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management 849
Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management:
Executive Summary. 877
Pediatric Care Recommendations for Freestanding
Urgent Care Facilities 883
The Pediatrician’s Role in the Evaluation and
Preparation of Pediatric Patients
Undergoing Anesthesia. 889
Physician Health and Wellness 899
Promoting Education, Mentorship, and
Support for Pediatric Research. 907
Psychosocial Support for Youth Living
With HIV 917
Recommendations for Prevention and Control
of Influenza in Children, 2014–2015 925
See Appendix 2.
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization
Schedule—United States, 2015. 945
Reducing Injury Risk From Body Checking in
Boys’ Youth Ice Hockey. 955
Referral to Pediatric Surgical Specialists 965
School Start Times for Adolescents. 975
Screening for Nonviral Sexually Transmitted
Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults. 985
Standards for Pediatric Cancer Centers. 997
Testing for Drugs of Abuse in Children
and Adolescents1005
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis
Among Infants and Young Children at
Increased Risk of Hospitalization for
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. 1017
See Appendix 2.
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis
Among Infants and Young Children at
Increased Risk of Hospitalization for
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
(Technical Report) 1027
See Appendix 2.
Updated Recommendations on the Use of
Meningococcal Vaccines 1049
Withholding or Termination of Resuscitation
in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Traumatic
Cardiopulmonary Arrest. 1055
SECTION 5
CURRENT POLICIES FROM THE AMERICAN
ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
2014 Recommendations for Pediatric
Preventive Health Care. 1073
AAP Principles Concerning Retail-Based Clinics. 1073
Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children 1073
Access to Optimal Emergency Care for Children. 1073
ACCF/AHA/AAP Recommendations for
Training in Pediatric Cardiology 1073
Achieving Quality Health Services
for Adolescents. 1073
Active Healthy Living: Prevention of
Child�hood Obesity Through Increased
Physical Activity. 1073
Additional Recommendations for Use of Tetanus
Toxoid, Reduced-Content Diphtheria Toxoid,
and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) 1074
Admission and Discharge Guidelines for the
Pediatric Patient Requiring Intermediate
Care. 1074
Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and
Issues 1074
Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and
Issues—Addendum 1074
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES IX
Adolescents and HIV Infection: The PediatriÂ�cian’s
Role in Promoting Routine Testing 1074
Adolescents and Human Immunodeficiency
Virus Infection: The Role of the Pediatrician
in Prevention and Intervention 1075
The Adolescent’s Right to Confidential Care
When Considering Abortion 1075
Advanced Practice in Neonatal Nursing. 1075
Age Limits of Pediatrics 1075
Age Terminology During the Perinatal Period. 1075
Alcohol Use by Youth and Adolescents:
A Pediatric Concern. 1075
Allergy Testing in Childhood: Using Allergen-
Specific Ige Tests. 1075
All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention: Two-,
Three-, and Four-Wheeled Unlicensed
Motor Vehicles 1076
Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards
to Children. 1076
Antenatal Counseling Regarding Resuscitation
at an Extremely Low Gestational Age. 1076
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis,
Treatment, and Prevention 1076
The Apgar Score. 1076
Application of the Resource-Based Relative
Value Scale System to Pediatrics 1077
Assessment and Management of Inguinal
Hernia in Infants. 1077
Athletic Participation by Children and
Adolescents Who Have Systemic
Hypertension. 1077
Atopic Dermatitis: Skin-Directed Management 1077
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
and Substance Abuse. 1077
Auditory Integration Training and Facilitated
Communication for Autism 1077
Baseball and Softball. 1077
Bicycle Helmets 1078
Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents. 1078
Boxing Participation by Children and Adolescents 1078
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. 1078
The Built Environment: Designing Communities
to Promote Physical Activity in Children. 1079
Calcium and Vitamin D Requirements of
Enterally Fed Preterm Infants 1079
Cardiovascular Health Supervision for
Individuals Affected by Duchenne or
Becker Muscular Dystrophy. 1079
Cardiovascular Monitoring and Stimulant
Drugs for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder. 1079
Care Coordination in the Medical Home:
Integrating Health and Related Systems
of Care for Children With Special Health
Care Needs 1079
Care of Adolescent Parents and Their Children. 1080
Care of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Victim 1080
Caregiver-Fabricated Illness in a Child:
A Manifestation of Child Maltreatment 1080
The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding Shifts,
Controversies Regarding the Sleeping
Environment, and New Variables to
Consider in Reducing Risk. 1080
Cheerleading Injuries: Epidemiology and
Recommendations for Prevention. 1080
Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its Impact
on Children 1080
Chemical-Management Policy: Prioritizing
Children’s Health. 1081
Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the
Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act 1081
Child Fatality Review 1081
Child Life Services. 1081
Child Passenger Safety 1082
See Appendix 2.
Child Passenger Safety (Technical Report) 1082
See Appendix 2.
Children, Adolescents, and Advertising 1082
Children, Adolescents, and Television. 1082
Children, Adolescents, and the Media. 1082
Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media 1082
Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and
the Media. 1083
Children as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors 1083
Children in Pickup Trucks 1083
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP):
Accomplishments, Challenges, and
Policy Recommendations 1083
Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children. 1084
Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children
(Technical Report). 1084
Circumcision Policy Statement 1084
Classifying Recommendations for Clinical
Practice Guidelines. 1084
Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children
and Adolescents 1084
Clinical Genetic Evaluation of the Child
With Mental Retardation or
Developmental Delays . 1085
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
Clostridium difficile Infection in Infants
and Children. 1085
Cochlear Implants in Children: Surgical Site
Infections and Prevention and Treatment
of Acute Otitis Media and Meningitis. 1085
Collaborative Role of the Pediatrician in the
Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar
Disorder in Adolescents 1085
Communicating With Children and Families:
From Everyday Interactions to Skill in
Conveying Distressing Information 1086
Community Pediatrics: Navigating the Intersection
of Medicine, Public Health, and Social
Determinants of Children’s Health. 1086
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child
With Intellectual Disability or Global
Developmental Delays. 1086
Comprehensive Health Evaluation of the
Newly Adopted Child. 1086
Condom Use by Adolescents. 1086
Conflicts Between Religious or Spiritual Beliefs
and Pediatric Care: Informed Refusal,
Exemptions, and Public Funding. 1087
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. 1087
A Consensus Statement on Health Care
Transitions for Young Adults With
Special Health Care Needs. 1087
Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care 1087
Consent for Emergency Medical Services
for Children and Adolescents. 1087
Consumption of Raw or Unpasteurized Milk
and Milk Products by Pregnant Women
and Children. 1087
Contraception for Adolescents. 1088
Contraception for Adolescents (Technical Report). 1088
Controversies Concerning Vitamin K and
the Newborn. 1088
Coparent or Second-Parent Adoption by
Same-Sex Parents 1088
Coparent or Second-Parent Adoption by
Same-Sex Parents (Technical Report) 1088
Corporal Punishment in Schools. 1088
Counseling Families Who Choose Complementary
and Alternative Medicine for Their Child
With Chronic Illness or Disability 1088
Counseling the Adolescent About
Pregnancy Options. 1089
Creating Healthy Camp Experiences 1089
The Crucial Role of Recess in School 1089
Dealing With the Parent Whose Judgment Is
Impaired by Alcohol or Drugs: Legal and
Ethical Considerations. 1089
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department 1089
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department
(Technical Report). 1089
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Practice
Guideline. 1090
Diagnosis and Management of an Initial UTI
in Febrile Infants and Young Children 1090
See Appendix 2.
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome 1091
Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency
and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants
and Young Children (0–3 Years of Age) 1091
Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Children Younger
Than 18 Months in the United States 1091
Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse 1092
Disaster Planning for Schools 1092
Disclosure of Illness Status to Children and
Adolescents With HIV Infection 1092
Dispensing Medications at the Hospital Upon
Discharge From an Emergency Department 1092
Distinguishing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
From Child Abuse Fatalities. 1092
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Pediatric Patients
Who Require Anesthesia and Surgery 1092
Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks
to Children. 1093
Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks
to Children (Technical Report). 1093
Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress,
and the Role of the Pediatrician:
Translating Developmental Science
Into Lifelong Health. 1093
Early Childhood Caries in Indigenous
Communities. 1093
Early Intervention, IDEA Part C Services, and
the Medical Home: Collaboration for
Best Practice and Best Outcomes. 1094
Echocardiography in Infants and Children. 1094
Education of Children With Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 1094
Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the
Development of Atopic Disease in Infants
and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary
Restriction, Breastfeeding, Timing of
Introduction of Complementary Foods,
and Hydrolyzed Formulas 1094
Electronic Prescribing Systems in Pediatrics: The
Rationale and Functionality Requirements 1094
Electronic Prescribing Systems in Pediatrics:
The Rationale and Functionality
Requirements (Technical Report). 1095
Electronic Prescribing in Pediatrics: Toward
Safer and More Effective Medication
Management 1095
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES XI
Electronic Prescribing in Pediatrics: Toward
Safer and More Effective Medication
Management (Technical Report) 1095
Emergency Contraception 1095
Emergency Contraception: Addendum 1095
Emergency Information Forms and Emergency
Preparedness for Children With Special
Health Care Needs. 1096
Endorsement of Health and Human Services
Recommendation for Pulse Oximetry
Screening for Critical Congenital
Heart Disease 1096
Enhancing Pediatric Workforce Diversity and
Providing Culturally Effective Pediatric
Care: Implications for Practice, Education,
and Policy Making. 1096
Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Health
Care–Associated Infections in the NICU
(Technical Report). 1096
Equipment for Ground Ambulances 1096
Essential Contractual Language for Medical
Necessity in Children. 1097
Ethical and Policy Issues in Genetic Testing
and Screening of Children 1097
Ethical Considerations in Research With
Socially Identifiable Populations. 1097
Ethical Controversies in Organ Donation
After Circulatory Death. 1097
Ethical Issues With Genetic Testing in Pediatrics. 1097
Ethics and the Care of Critically Ill Infants
and Children. 1097
Evaluating Children With Fractures for
Child Physical Abuse. 1098
Evaluating for Suspected Child Abuse: Conditions
That Predispose to Bleeding. 1098
Evaluating Infants and Young Children With
Multiple Fractures . 1098
Evaluation and Management of the Infant
Exposed to HIV-1 in the United States
(Clinical Report). 1098
Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected
Child Abuse. 1098
The Evaluation of Children in the Primary
Care Setting When Sexual Abuse
Is Suspected. 1098
The Evaluation of Sexual Behaviors in Children 1099
Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse 1099
Evidence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of
Acute Uncomplicated Sinusitis in Children:
A Systematic Review. 1099
An Evidence-Based Review of Important Issues
Concerning Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia 1099
Excessive Sleepiness in Adolescents and Young
Adults: Causes, Consequences, and
Treatment Strategies 1100
Expert Witness Participation in Civil and
Criminal Proceedings. 1100
Exposure to Nontraditional Pets at Home and
to Animals in Public Settings: Risks
to Children 1100
Eye Examination in Infants, Children, and
Young Adults by Pediatricians 1100
The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of
Child Abuse 1100
Facilities and Equipment for the Care of Pediatric
Patients in a Community Hospital. 1100
Failure to Thrive as a Manifestation of
Child Neglect. 1101
Falls From Heights: Windows, Roofs,
and Balconies. 1101
Families and Adoption: The Pediatrician’s
Role in Supporting Communication 1101
Fathers and Pediatricians: Enhancing Men’s
Roles in the Care and Development of
Their Children 1101
Fever and Antipyretic Use in Children. 1101
Financing Graduate Medical Education to
Meet the Needs of Children and the
Future Pediatrician Workforce 1101
Financing of Pediatric Home Health Care 1102
Firearm-Related Injuries Affecting the
Pediatric Population. 1102
Fireworks-Related Injuries to Children. 1102
Fluoride Use in Caries Prevention in the
Primary Care Setting. 1102
Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural
Tube Defects. 1102
Follow-up Management of Children With
Tympanostomy Tubes. 1103
Forgoing Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment
in Abused Children. 1103
Forgoing Medically Provided Nutrition and
Hydration in Children 1103
The Future of Pediatrics: Mental Health
Competencies for Pediatric Primary Care. 1103
Gastroesophageal Reflux: Management
Guidance for the Pediatrician 1104
Generic Prescribing, Generic Substitution,
and Therapeutic Substitution 1104
Global Climate Change and Children’s Health. 1104
Global Climate Change and Children’s Health
(Technical Report) 1104
Graduate Medical Education and Pediatric
Workforce Issues and Principles. 1104
Guidance for Effective Discipline. 1104
Guidance for the Administration of Medication
in School 1105
XII TABLE OF CONTENTS
Guidance on Management of Asymptomatic
Neonates Born to Women With Active
Genital Herpes Lesions. 1105
Guidelines for Care of Children in the
Emergency Department 1105
Guidelines for Developing Admission and
Discharge Policies for the Pediatric
Intensive Care Unit 1105
Guidelines for Home Care of Infants, Children,
and Adolescents With Chronic Disease. 1106
Guidelines for Monitoring and Management
of Pediatric Patients During and After
Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures: An Update 1106
Guidelines for Pediatric Cancer Centers. 1106
Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiovascular Centers 1106
Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death
in Infants and Children: An Update of the
1987 Task Force Recommendations 1106
Guidelines for the Ethical Conduct of Studies
to Evaluate Drugs in Pediatric Populations 1107
Guidelines on Forgoing Life-Sustaining
Medical Treatment. 1107
Guiding Principles for Managed Care Arrangements
for the Health Care of Newborns, Infants,
Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults 1107
Guiding Principles for Pediatric Hospital
Medicine Programs. 1107
Gynecologic Examination for Adolescents in
the Pediatric Office Setting 1107
Head Lice. 1107
Health and Mental Health Needs of Children
in US Military Families. 1108
Health Care for Youth in the Juvenile
Justice System 1108
Health Care of Youth Aging Out of Foster Care 1108
Health Care Supervision for Children With
Williams Syndrome. 1108
Health Equity and Children’s Rights. 1108
Health Information Technology and the
Medical Home 1109
Health Supervision for Children With
Achondroplasia 1109
Health Supervision for Children With
Down Syndrome 1109
See Appendix 2.
Health Supervision for Children With
Fragile X Syndrome. 1109
Health Supervision for Children With
Marfan Syndrome 1109
Health Supervision for Children With
Neurofibromatosis. 1109
Health Supervision for Children With
Prader-Willi Syndrome. 1110
Health Supervision for Children With Sickle
Cell Disease 1110
Hearing Assessment in Infants and Children:
Recommendations Beyond
Neonatal Screening. 1110
See Appendix 2.
Helping Children and Families Deal With
Divorce and Separation 1110
High-Deductible Health Plans 1110
High-Deductible Health Plans and the New
Risks of Consumer-Driven Health
Insurance Products 1111
HIV Testing and Prophylaxis to Prevent
Mother-to-Child Transmission in the
United States 1111
Home, Hospital, and Other Non–School-based
Instruction for Children and Adolescents
Who Are Medically Unable to Attend School. 1111
Home Care of Children and Youth With
Complex Health Care Needs and
Technology Dependencies. 1111
Honoring Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation
Requests in Schools. 1112
Hospital Discharge of the High-Risk Neonate. 1112
The Hospital Record of the Injured Child
and the Need for External Cause-of-
Injury Codes. 1112
Hospital Stay for Healthy Term Newborns 1112
HPV Vaccine Recommendations 1112
Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) and
Human Embryo Research 1112
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other
Blood-borne Viral Pathogens in the
Athletic Setting 1113
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening 1113
Human Milk, Breastfeeding, and Transmission
of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in
the United States 1113
Human Milk, Breastfeeding, and Transmission
of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
in the United States (Technical Report) 1113
Hypothermia and Neonatal Encephalopathy 1113
Identification and Care of HIV-Exposed and
HIV-Infected Infants, Children, and
Adolescents in Foster Care 1113
Identification and Evaluation of Children With
Autism Spectrum Disorders.1113
See Appendix 2.
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES XIII
Identification and Management of Eating
Disorders in Children and Adolescents. 1114
Identifying Infants and Young Children With
Developmental Disorders in the Medical
Home: An Algorithm for Developmental
Surveillance and Screening 1114
See Appendix 2.
Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery 1114
Immunization for Streptococcus pneumoniae
Infections in High-Risk Children 1114
Immunization Information Systems 1115
Immunizing Parents and Other Close Family
Contacts in the Pediatric Office Setting. 1115
Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music
Videos on Children and Youth 1115
The Impact of Social Media on Children,
Adolescents, and Families 1115
The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy
Child Development and Maintaining
Strong Parent-Child Bonds 1115
The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy
Child Development and Maintaining
Strong Parent-Child Bond: Focus on
Children in Poverty. 1116
Improving Substance Abuse Prevention,
Assessment, and Treatment Financing
for Children and Adolescents 1116
Theâ•‹Inappropriate Use of School “Readiness”
Tests. 1116
Incorporating Recognition and Management
of Perinatal and Postpartum Depression
Into Pediatric Practice. 1116
Increasing Antiretroviral Drug Access for
Children With HIV Infection. 1116
Increasing Immunization Coverage. 1116
Indications for Management and Referral of
Patients Involved in Substance Abuse. 1117
Infant Feeding and Transmission of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus in the
United States 1117
Infant Methemoglobinemia: The Role of Dietary
Nitrate in Food and Water. 1117
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric
Ambulatory Settings. 1117
Informed Consent, Parental Permission, and
Assent in Pediatric Practice. 1118
Inhalant Abuse 1118
Injuries Associated With Infant Walkers. 1118
Injuries in Youth Soccer 1118
Injury Risk of Nonpowder Guns 1118
In-line Skating Injuries in Children and
Adolescents 1119
Institutional Ethics Committees 1119
Instrument-Based Pediatric Vision Screening
Policy Statement 1119
Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young
Adults: An Update on Causes and
Consequences. 1119
Insurance Coverage of Mental Health and
Substance Abuse Services for Children
and Adolescents: A Consensus Statement. 1119
Intensive Training and Sports Specialization
in Young Athletes 1119
Interferon-γ Release Assays for Diagnosis of
Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in
Children 1119
Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the
Pediatrician. 1120
Iodine Deficiency, Pollutant Chemicals, and
the Thyroid: New Information on an
Old Problem. 1120
Lactose Intolerance in Infants, Children,
and Adolescents 1120
“Late-Preterm” Infants: A Population at Risk 1120
Lawn Mower-Related Injuries to Children. 1120
Lawn Mower-Related Injuries to Children
(Technical Report) 1120
Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision 1121
Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision
(Technical Report) 1121
Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact
on Youth 1121
Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact
on Youth (Technical Report) 1121
Levels of Neonatal Care. 1121
The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood
Adversity and Toxic Stress. 1122
Literacy Promotion: An Essential Component
of Primary Care Pediatric Practice 1122
Long-term Follow-up Care for Pediatric
Cancer Survivors. 1122
Maintaining and Improving the Oral Health
of Young Children. 1122
Male Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive
Health Care. 1123
Male Circumcision 1123
Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities 1124
Management of Children With Autism
Spectrum Disorders. 1124
See Appendix 2.
Management of Dental Trauma in a Primary
Care Setting 1124
Management of Food Allergy in the
School Setting. 1124
Management of Neonates With Suspected
or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis 1124
XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
Management of Pediatric Trauma 1125
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
in Children and Adolescents. 1125
See Appendix 2.
Marijuana: A Continuing Concern
for Pediatricians. 1126
Maternal Phenylketonuria. 1126
Maternal-Fetal Intervention and Fetal
Care Centers. 1126
Media Education. 1126
Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years 1126
Media Violence 1126
Medicaid Policy Statement 1126
Medical Concerns in the Female Athlete 1127
Medical Conditions Affecting Sports
Participation. 1127
Medical Emergencies Occurring at School. 1127
The Medical Home. 1127
Medical Staff Appointment and Delineation of
Pediatric Privileges in Hospitals. 1127
Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines Policy Update:
Booster Dose Recommendations. 1127
Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using
the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign 1128
Minors as Living Solid-Organ Donors 1128
Model Contractual Language for Medical
Necessity for Children 1128
Molecular Genetic Testing in Pediatric Practice:
A Subject Review. 1128
Motor Delays: Early Identification and
Evaluation. 1128
Neonatal Drug Withdrawal. 1129
The New Morbidity Revisited: A Renewed
Commitment to the Psychosocial Aspects
of Pediatric Care 1129
Newborn Screening Expands: Recommenda�tions
for Pediatricians and Medical Homes—
Implications for the System. 1129
See Appendix 2.
Newborn Screening Fact Sheets, Introduction
to the 1129
Newborn Screening Fact Sheets. 1129
Nondiscrimination in Pediatric Health Care 1130
Noninitiation or Withdrawal of Intensive
Care for High-Risk Newborns. 1130
Nonoral Feeding for Children and Youth With
Developmental or Acquired Disabilities. 1130
Nontherapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Agents
in Animal Agriculture: Implications for
Pediatrics 1130
Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender, and Questioning Youth. 1130
Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender, and Questioning Youth
(Technical Report) 1130
Office-Based Counseling for Unintentional
Injury Prevention. 1131
Off-Label Use of Drugs in Children. 1131
Ophthalmologic Examinations in Children
With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 1131
Optimizing Bone Health in Children and
Adolescents 1131
Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse
and Neglect 1131
Oral Health Care for Children With
Developmental Disabilities 1132
Oral Health Risk Assessment Timing and
Establishment of the Dental Home. 1132
Organic Foods: Health and Environmental
Advantages and Disadvantages 1132
Organized Sports for Children and
Preadolescents 1132
Out-of-Home Placement for Children and
Adolescents With Disabilities 1133
Out-of-School Suspension and Expulsion. 1133
Overcrowding Crisis in Our Nation’s
Emergency Departments: Is Our
Safety Net Unraveling? 1133
Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout
in Child and Adolescent Athletes. 1133
Palliative Care for Children. 1134
Parent-Provider-Community Partnerships:
Optimizing Outcomes for Children
With Disabilities 1134
Parental Leave for Residents and Pediatric
Training Programs. 1134
Patient- and Family-Centered Care and the
Pediatrician’s Role. 1134
Patient- and Family-Centered Care and the Role
of the Emergency Physician Providing Care
to a Child in the Emergency Department 1134
Patient- and Family-Centered Care Coordination:
A Framework for Integrating Care for
Children and Youth Across
Multiple Systems. 1135
Patient- and Family-Centered Care of Children
in the Emergency Department 1135
Patient Safety in the Pediatric Emergency
Care Setting 1135
Payment for Telephone Care. 1135
Pedestrian Safety. 1135
Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health
Emergencies in the Emergency Medical
Services System 1136
Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management. 1136
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES XV
Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management:
Executive Summary 1136
Pediatric Aspects of Inpatient Health Information
Technology Systems 1136
Pediatric Care Recommendations for
Freestanding Urgent Care Facilities. 1137
Pediatric Fellowship Training. 1137
Pediatric Mental Health Emergencies in the
Emergency Medical Services System. 1137
Pediatric Observation Units 1137
Pediatric Organ Donation and Transplantation. 1137
Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Care
Commitments, Guidelines, and
Recommendations. 1137
Pediatric Primary Health Care 1138
Pediatric Sudden Cardiac Arrest 1138
The Pediatrician and Childhood Bereavement 1138
The Pediatrician and Disaster Preparedness 1138
The Pediatrician Workforce: Current Status and
Future Prospects 1139
Pediatrician Workforce Policy Statement 1139
Pediatrician-Family-Patient Relationships:
Managing the Boundaries 1139
The Pediatrician’s Role in Child Maltreatment
Prevention. 1139
The Pediatrician’s Role in Community Pediatrics. 1139
The Pediatrician’s Role in Development and
Implementation of an Individual Education
Plan (IEP) and/or an Individual Family
Service Plan (IFSP) 1140
The Pediatrician’s Role in Family Support
and Family Support Programs 1140
The Pediatrician’s Role in Supporting
Adoptive Families. 1140
The Pediatrician’s Role in the Evaluation
and Preparation of Pediatric Patients
Undergoing Anesthesia 1140
The Pediatrician’s Role in the Prevention of
Missing Children. 1140
Personal Watercraft Use by Children and
Adolescents 1140
Pesticide Exposure in Children. 1140
Pesticide Exposure in Children (Technical Report). 1141
Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal
Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn
Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation 1141
Physician Health and Wellness. 1141
Physician Refusal to Provide Information
or Treatment on the Basis of Claims
of Conscience. 1142
Physicians’ Roles in Coordinating Care of
Hospitalized Children 1142
Planned Home Birth. 1142
Poliovirus. 1142
Postdischarge Follow-up of Infants With
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia1142
Postexposure Prophylaxis in Children and
Adolescents for Nonoccupational Exposure
to Human Immunodeficiency Virus. 1143
Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or
Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. 1143
Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis in Late-Preterm
and Term Infants. 1143
Precertification Process 1143
Premedication for Nonemergency Endotracheal
Intubation in the Neonate 1143
Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Longterm
Effects on the Exposed Fetus 1143
The Prenatal Visit 1144
Preparation for Emergencies in the Offices
of Pediatricians and Pediatric Primary
Care Providers. 1144
Preparing for Pediatric Emergencies: Drugs
to Consider. 1144
Prescribing Assistive-Technology Systems:
Focus on Children With Impaired
Communication. 1144
Prescribing Therapy Services for Children
With Motor Disabilities 1144
Preservation of Fertility in Pediatric and
Adolescent Patients With Cancer 1145
Preventing and Treating Homesickness 1145
Prevention and Management of Pain in
the Neonate: An Update. 1145
Prevention and Management of Positional
Skull Deformities in Infants. 1145
Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus in Children, With Special
Emphasis on American Indian and
Alaska Native Children 1145
Prevention of Agricultural Injuries Among
Children and Adolescents 1145
Prevention of Choking Among Children 1146
Prevention of Drowning 1146
Prevention of Drowning (Technical Report). 1146
Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity 1146
Prevention of Rotavirus Disease: Updated
Guidelines for Use of Rotavirus Vaccine. 1146
Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the
Workplace and Educational Settings 1147
The Prevention of Unintentional Injury Among
American Indian and Alaska Native
Children: A Subject Review. 1147
Prevention of Varicella: Update of
Recom�men�dations for Use of
Quadrivalent and Monovalent Varicella
Vaccines in Children. 1147
Preventive Oral Health Intervention
for Pediatricians. 1147
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS
Principles for the Development and Use of
Quality Measures 1147
Principles of Health Care Financing 1147
Principles of Judicious Antibiotic Prescribing
for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
in Pediatrics 1148
Principles of Pediatric Patient Safety: Reducing
Harm Due to Medical Care 1148
Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics 1148
Professional Liability Insurance and Medicolegal
Education for Pediatric Residents
and Fellows 1148
Professionalism in Pediatrics: Statement
of Principles 1148
Professionalism in Pediatrics 1149
Promoting Education, Mentorship, and Support
for Pediatric Research. 1149
Promoting the Participation of Children With
Disabilities in Sports, Recreation, and
Physical Activities. 1149
Promoting the Well-Being of Children Whose
Parents Are Gay or Lesbian. 1149
Promoting the Well-Being of Children Whose
Parents Are Gay or Lesbian
(Technical Report) 1149
Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices
in Young Athletes 1150
Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse by
Health Care Providers 1150
Protective Eyewear for Young Athletes. 1150
Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for
Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy 1150
Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for
Children and Youth With Spina Bifida 1150
Providing Care for Children and Adolescents
Facing Homelessness and Housing
Insecurity 1150
Providing Care for Immigrant, Migrant, and
Border Children. 1151
Provision of Educationally Related Services for
Children and Adolescents With Chronic �
Diseases and Disabling Conditions 1151
Psychological Maltreatment 1151
Psychosocial Implications of Disaster or Terrorism
on Children: A Guide for the Pediatrician 1151
Psychosocial Risks of Chronic Health Conditions
in Childhood and Adolescence. 1152
Psychosocial Support for Youth Living With HIV. 1152
Quality Early Education and Child Care From
Birth to Kindergarten 1152
Rabies-Prevention Policy Update: New
Reduced-Dose Schedule. 1152
Race/Ethnicity, Gender, Socioeconomic Status—
Research Exploring Their Effects on Child
Health: A Subject Review. 1152
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and
Health Care of Children 1152
Radiation Disasters and Children 1153
Radiation Risk to Children From Computed
Tomography. 1153
Recognition and Management of Iatrogeni�cally
Induced Opioid Dependence and
Withdrawal in Children. 1153
Recognizing and Responding to Medical Neglect. 1153
Recommendation for Mandatory Influenza
Immunization of All Health Care Personnel 1154
Recommendations for Administering Hepatitis
A Vaccine to Contacts of International
Adoptees. 1154
Recommendations for Prevention and Control
of Influenza in Children, 2014–2015. 1154
See Appendix 2.
Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric
Health Care. 1154
Recommendations for the Prevention of Perinatal
Group B Streptococcal (GBS) Disease 1154
Recommendations for the Prevention of
Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in
Infants and Children: Use of 13-Valent
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)
and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Vaccine (PPSV23). 1155
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent
Immunization Schedule—
United States, 2015 1155
Red Reflex Examination in Neonates, Infants,
and Children 1155
Reducing Injury Risk From Body Checking in
Boys’ Youth Ice Hockey 1155
Reducing the Number of Deaths and Injuries
From Residential Fires 1155
Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection Associated
With Illicit Drug Use. 1155
Referral to Pediatric Surgical Specialists. 1156
Reimbursement for Foods for Special
Dietary Use. 1156
Relief of Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Patients
in Emergency Medical Systems. 1156
Religious Objections to Medical Care 1156
Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants at Birth 1156
Responding to Parental Refusals of Immunization
of Children 1157
Restraint Use on Aircraft. 1157
Returning to Learning Following a Concussion 1157
Ritual Genital Cutting of Female Minors 1157
Role of Pediatricians in Advocating Life Support
Training Courses for Parents and the Public 1157
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES XVII
Role of Pediatricians in Advocating Life Support
Training Courses for Parents and the Public
(Technical Report) 1157
The Role of Preschool Home-Visiting Programs in
Improving Children’s Developmental and
Health Outcomes. 1157
Role of Pulse Oximetry in Examining Newborns
for Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific
Statement From the AHA and AAP. 1158
The Role of Schools in Combating Illicit
Substance Abuse 1158
Role of the Medical Home in Family-Centered
Early Intervention Services 1158
The Role of the Pediatrician in Rural Emergency
Medical Services for Children. 1158
Role of the Pediatrician in Youth Violence
Prevention. 1159
Role of the School Nurse in Providing School
Health Services 1159
Role of the School Physician. 1159
Safe Transportation of Newborns at
Hospital Discharge 1159
Safe Transportation of Preterm and Low Birth
Weight Infants at Hospital Discharge 1159
School Bus Transportation of Children With
Special Health Care Needs 1159
School Health Assessments. 1159
School Health Centers and Other Integrated
School Health Services 1159
School Readiness. 1160
School Start Times for Adolescents 1160
School Transportation Safety. 1160
School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric
Practice 1160
School-Based Mental Health Services 1160
Scope of Health Care Benefits for Children From
Birth Through Age 26. 1160
Scope of Practice Issues in the Delivery of
Pediatric Health Care 1161
Screening Examination of Premature Infants
for Retinopathy of Prematurity. 1161
Screening for Nonviral Sexually Transmitted
Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults 1161
Screening for Retinopathy in the Pediatric
Patient With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. 1161
Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke
Exposure. 1161
Selecting Appropriate Toys for Young Children:
the Pediatrician’s Role 1161
Self-injectable Epinephrine for First-Aid
Management of Anaphylaxis. 1162
Sensory Integration Therapies for Children With
Developmental and Behavioral Disorders 1162
Sexual Orientation and Adolescents 1162
Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media 1162
Sexuality Education for Children and
Adolescents 1163
Sexuality of Children and Adolescents With
Developmental Disabilities 1163
Shopping Cart–Related Injuries to Children 1163
Shopping Cart–Related Injuries to Children
(Technical Report) 1163
SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths:
Expansion of Recommendations for a
Safe Infant Sleeping Environment 1163
SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths:
Expansion of Recommendations for a
Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
(Technical Report) 1164
Skateboard and Scooter Injuries. 1164
Snowmobiling Hazards 1164
Soft Drinks in Schools 1164
Special Requirements of Electronic Health
Record Systems in Pediatrics. 1165
Spectrum of Noninfectious Health Effects
From Molds 1165
Spectrum of Noninfectious Health Effects
From Molds (Technical Report). 1165
Sport-Related Concussion in Children and
Adolescents 1165
Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children
and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?. 1165
Standard Terminology for Fetal, Infant, and
Perinatal Deaths. 1166
Standards for Health Information Technology
to Ensure Adolescent Privacy 1166
Standards for Pediatric Cancer Centers 1166
State Children’s Health Insurance Program
Achievements, Challenges, and
Policy Recommendations. 1166
Strategies for Prevention of Health Care–
Associated Infections in the NICU. 1166
Strength Training by Children and Adolescents 1166
Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention,
and Referral to Treatment for Pediatricians 1166
Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents 1166
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for Children
and Youth With Disabilities. 1167
Supporting the Family After the Death of a Child 1167
Supporting the Health Care Transition From
Adolescence to Adult�hood in the
Medical Home 1167
See Appendix 2.
Surfactant Replacement Therapy for Preterm and
Term Neonates With Respiratory Distress 1167
XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
Surveillance of Pediatric HIV Infection. 1167
The Teen Driver. 1168
Testing for Drugs of Abuse in Children
and Adolescents. 1168
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs: The Role
of the Pediatrician in Prevention,
Identification, and Management of
Substance Abuse 1168
Tobacco as a Substance of Abuse 1168
Tobacco Use: A Pediatric Disease. 1168
Toward Transparent Clinical Policies 1169
Trampoline Safety in Childhood and
Adolescence 1169
The Transfer of Drugs and Therapeutics Into
Human Breast Milk: An Update on
Selected Topics. 1169
Transitioning HIV-Infected Youth Into Adult
Health Care. 1169
Transporting Children With Special Health
Care Needs. 1170
The Treatment of Neurologically Impaired
Children Using Patterning. 1170
Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children
and Adolescents. 1170
Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children
and Adolescents (Technical Report). 1170
Underinsurance of Adolescents: Recommendations
for Improved Coverage of Preventive,
Reproductive, and Behavioral Health
Care Services 1170
Understanding the Behavioral and Emotional
Consequences of Child Abuse. 1171
Update of Newborn Screening and Therapy
for Congenital Hypothyroidism. 1171
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis
Among Infants and Young Children at
Increased Risk of Hospitalization for
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection 1171
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis
Among Infants and Young Children at
Increased Risk of Hospitalization For
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
(Technical Report) 1172
Updated Recommendations on the Use of
Meningococcal Vaccines. 1172
The Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics 1172
Use of Chaperones During the Physical
Examination of the Pediatric Patient 1172
Use of Codeine- and Dextromethorphan-
Containing Cough Remedies in Children. 1172
The Use of Complementary and Alternative
Medicine in Pediatrics 1172
Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide 1173
Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants. 1173
Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances 1173
Use of Soy Protein-Based Formulas in
Infant Feeding 1173
The Use of Systemic and Topical
Fluoroquinolones. 1173
Uses of Drugs Not Described in the Package
Insert (Off-Label Uses) 1173
Ventricular Fibrillation and the Use of Automated
External Defibrillators on Children 1173
When Is Lack of Supervision Neglect? 1174
WIC Program. 1174
Withholding or Termination of Resuscitation
in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Traumatic
Cardiopulmonary Arrest 1174
Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and
Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection
and Intervention Programs: 1174
SECTION 6
ENDORSED POLICIES
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse: Role,
Preparation, and Scope of Practice. 1177
Appropriate Medical Care for the Secondary
School-Age Athlete Communication 1177
Appropriate Use Criteria for Initial Transthoracic
Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric
Cardiology 1177
Best Practice for Infant Surgery: A Position
Statement From the American Pediatric
Surgical Association 1177
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in High-Risk
Pediatric Populations 1177
A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to
Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B
Virus Infection in the United States 1177
Consensus Statement: Definitions for Consistent
Emergency Department Metrics. 1178
Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex
Disorders. 1178
Defining Pediatric Malnutrition: A Paradigm Shift
Toward Etiology-Related Definitions. 1178
Diabetes Care for Emerging Adults:
Recommendations for Transition From
Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Care Systems. 1178
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term
Management of Kawasaki Disease:
A Statement for Health Professionals 1178
Dietary Recommendations for Children and
Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners 1178
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and
Vitamin D 1178
Emergency Equipment and Supplies in the
School Setting. 1178
Enhancing the Work of the HHS National Vaccine
Program in Global Immunizations. 1178
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES XIX
Evidence Report: Genetic and Metabolic Testing
on Children With Global Developmental
Delay 1178
Evidence-Based Guideline Update: Medical
Treatment of Infantile Spasms. 1179
Evidence-Based Management of Sickle Cell
Disease: Expert Panel Report, 2014 1179
Executing Juvenile Offenders: A Fundamental
Failure of Society. 1179
Expedited Partner Therapy for Adolescents
Diagnosed With Chlamydia or Gonorrhea:
A Position Paper of the Society for
Adolescent Medicine 1179
Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for
Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction
in Children and Adolescents:
Summary Report. 1179
Foster Care Mental Health Values 1179
General Recommendations on Immunization:
Recommendations of the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices
(ACIP) 1179
Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Defects:
Current Knowledge. 1180
Gifts to Physicians From Industry. 1180
Guidelines for Field Triage of Injured Patients 1180
Guidelines for Referral of Children and
Adolescents to Pediatric Rheumatologists 1180
Helping the Student with Diabetes Succeed:
A Guide for School Personnel. 1180
Identifying and Responding to Domestic Violence:
Consensus Recommendations for Child and
Adolescent Health. 1180
Importance and Implementation of Training
in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Automated External Defibrillation
in Schools 1180
Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best
Practices for Sports Medicine Management
for Secondary Schools and Colleges. 1180
Lightning Safety for Athletics and Recreation. 1180
Long-term Cardiovascular Toxicity in Children,
Adolescents, and Young Adults Who Receive
Cancer Therapy: Pathophysiology, Course,
Monitoring, Management, Prevention, and
Research Directions: A Scientific Statement
From the American Heart Association 1181
The Management of Hypotension in the Very-Low-
Birth-Weight Infant: Guideline for Practice. 1181
Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts
on Immunization, April 2012–Conclusions
and Recommendations. 1181
Mental Health and Substance Use Screening and
Assessment of Children in Foster Care 1181
Multilingual Children: Beyond Myths and Toward
Best Practices 1181
National Adoption Center: Open Records 1181
Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic
Outcome, Second Edition 1181
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With
Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation and
Management: A Scientific Statement From
the American Heart Association. 1182
Noninherited Risk Factors and Congenital Cardio�
vascular Defects: Current Knowledge. 1182
Pediatric Care in the Emergency Department 1182
Prevention and Control of Meningococcal Disease:
Recommendations of the Advisory Committee
on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 1182
Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis
and �Treatment of Acute Streptococcal
Pharyngitis. 1183
Protecting Adolescents: Ensuring Access to Care
and Reporting Sexual Activity and Abuse 1183
Report of the National Consensus Conference
on Family Presence during Pediatric
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and
Procedures 1183
Response to Cardiac Arrest and Selected
Life-Threatening Medical Emergencies:
The Medical Emergency Response Plan
for Schools. A Statement for Healthcare
Providers, Policymakers, School
Administrators, and Community Leaders 1183
Safe at School Campaign Statement of Principles. 1183
Screening for Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents. 1183
Selected Issues for the Adolescent Athlete and
the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement 1184
Skiing and Snowboarding Injury Prevention. 1184
Supplement to the JCIH 2007 Position Statement:
�Principles and Guidelines for Early Intervention
After Confirmation That a Child is Deaf or
Hard of Hearing 1184
Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Treatment of
Latent Tuberculosis Infection 1185
Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth. 1185
Update on Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine for
Children—United States, May 2011 1185
Weighing Pediatric Patients in Kilograms 1185
APPENDIX 1
POLICIES BY COMMITTEE
Adolescent Sleep Working Group 1189
Black Box Working Group. 1189
Board of Directors. 1189
Bright Futures Periodicity Schedule Workgroup. 1189
Bright Futures Steering Committee. 1189
Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committeee 1189
Cardiac Surgery Executive Committee 1189
Child and Adolescent Health Action Group 1189
XX PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES
Committee on Adolescence. 1189
Committee on Bioethics. 1190
Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect 1191
Committee on Child Health Financing. 1191
Committee on Coding and Nomenclature 1192
Committee on Drugs 1192
Committee on Fetus and Newborn 1192
Committee on Genetics 1193
Committee on Hospital Care 1193
Committee on Infectious Diseases. 1194
Committee on Medical Liability and
Risk Management 1194
Committee on Native American Child Health. 1195
Committee on Nutrition 1195
Committee on Pediatric AIDS. 1195
Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 1196
Committee on Pediatric Research 1196
Committee on Pediatric Workforce 1197
Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine. 1197
Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and
Family Health 1197
Committee on Substance Abuse. 1198
Council on Children With Disabilities. 1198
Council on Clinical Information Technology. 1199
Council on Communications and Media 1199
Council on Community Pediatrics 1200
Council on Early Childhood 1200
Council on Environmental Health 1200
Council on Foster Care, Adoption, and
Kinship Care 1201
Council on Injury, Violence, and
Poison Prevention. 1201
Council on School Health. 1202
Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness 1202
Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council. 1203
Joint Committee on Infant Hearing 1203
Medical Home Implementation Project �Advisory
�Committee. 1203
Medical Home Initiatives For Children With
Special Needs Project Advisory Committee 1203
Neuromotor Screening Expert Panel 1203
Newborn Screening Authoring Committee. 1203
Retail-Based Clinic Policy Work Group 1203
Section on Allergy and Immunology 1203
Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. 1203
Section on Breastfeeding. 1204
Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. 1204
Section on Clinical Pharmacology and �
Therapeutics 1204
Section on Complementary and Integrative
Medicine 1204
Section on Critical Care. 1204
Section on Dermatology 1204
Section on Developmental and Behavioral
Pediatrics. 1204
Section on Endocrinology. 1205
Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and
Nutrition 1205
Section on Hematology/Oncology. 1205
Section on Home Care. 1205
Section on Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 1205
Section on Hospital Medicine 1205
Section on Integrated Medicine. 1205
Section on International Child Health 1205
Section on Medical Students, Residents, and
Fellowship Trainees 1205
Section on Neurological Surgery. 1205
Section on Neurology 1205
Section on Ophthalmology. 1206
Section on Oral Health 1206
Section on Orthopaedics. 1206
Section on Otolaryngology—Head & Neck
Surgery. 1206
Section on Radiology. 1206
Section on Rheumatology. 1206
Section on Surgery. 1206
Section on Telehealth Care 1207
Section on Transport Medicine 1207
Section on Uniformed Services 1207
Steering Committee on Quality Improvement
and Management 1207
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder. 1208
Subcommittee on Chronic Abdominal Pain 1208
Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures 1208
Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. 1208
Subcommittee on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Syndrome. 1208
Subcommittee on Otitis Media With Effusion. 1208
Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection 1208
Surgical Advisory Panel 1208
Task Force on Circumcision 1208
Task Force on Complementary and Alternative
Medicine 1208
Task Force on Graduate Medical Education
Reform. 1208
Task Force on Mental Health. 1208
Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 1208
Task Force on Terrorism 1208
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI
Work Group on Sedation 1209
Working Group on Sleepiness In Adolescents/
Young Adults 1209
Joint Statements 1209
Endorsed Clinical Practice Guidelines
and Policies 1210
Affirmation of Value Clinical Practice Guidelines
and Policies1213
APPENDIX 2
PPI: AAP PARTNERSHIP FOR POLICY
�IMPLEMENTATION 1215
APPENDIX 3
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
ACRONYMS 1219
Subject Index. 1225
Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies 15th Edition PDF Ebook

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