The Physics and Technology of Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Practitioner’s Guide Second Edition PDF

Introduction 1
1.1 Introductory comments 1
1.2 Physics and mathematics 2
1.3 Mathematics: a brief review 2
Equations 2
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division 3
Units 3
Scientific notation 3
Logarithms 5
Decibels 5
Reality checking answers 5
1.4 Exercises 6
Ultrasound interaction with tissue 7
2.1 Ultrasound waves and propagation 7
Frequency analysis 8
2.2 Attenuation 9
2.3 Reflection and scattering 11
Reflection 11
Scattering 12
2.4 Refraction 13
Pulsed ultrasound and imaging 17
3.1 Pulsed ultrasound 17
Pulse duration 17
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) 17
3.2 Pulse echo principle 18
Pulse repetition frequency limitations 18
Frame rate limitations 20
Summary 21
3.3 Principles of image formation 21
Probes 22
Endocavity and laparoscopic probes 23
3D probes 23
A, B and M mode 24
Transducers and focussing 25
4.1 Transducer principles 25
4.2 Focussing 26
4.3 Array transducers 30
Transmit focussing 30
Beam steering 31
Receive focussing 32
Scanning the beam 32
Matrix arrays 33
4.4 The ultrasound beam and image quality 33
Sidelobes 33
Slice thickness 34
Ultrasound instrumentation 37
5.1 Introduction 37
5.2 Block diagram 37
5.3 Probe 38
Controls 38
5.4 Transmitter and transmit beam-former 38
Controls 39
5.5 Receive beam-former 39
Controls 39
5.6 Amplifier 39
Controls 39
5.7 TGC 40
Controls 40
5.8 Dynamic range compression 41
Controls 42
5.9 Scan converter 42
Controls 42
5.10 Image memory 43
Controls 43
5.11 Pre-processing 44
Controls 44
5.12 Post-processing 45
Controls 45
5.13 Display 46
5.14 Image storage 46
Image artifacts 47
6.1 Introductory comments 47
6.2 Imaging assumptions 47
6.3 Attenuation artifacts 48
Shadowing 48
Enhancement 49
Edge shadowing 49
6.4 Depth artifacts 51
Propagation speed artifact 51
Reverberation artifact 52
Ring-down artifact 52
Comet-tail artifact 53…
The Physics and Technology of Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Practitioner’s Guide Second Edition PDF Ebook

Robert Gill is a popular ultrasound physics lecturer. He is highly regarded for his ability to explain complex concepts to non-physicists in an easy-to-understand way. He teaches in a number of university and professional courses and offers online courses via his own sonophys website. He is a member of the Board of Examiners of the Australasian DDU (a qualification for specialist physicians) and an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of NSW. Rob was a member of the renowned Ultrasonics Institute in Sydney, Australia, where he specialised in Doppler research and pioneered fetal Doppler measurements. He has published over 70 scientific papers and book chapters and 150 conference papers and authored 4 international patents. His textbooks and study guides have been widely successful, with over 5000 copies sold worldwide.