Definition and etiology Increased melanin production and deposition in the oral mucosa may often be a physiological finding, particularly in dark-skinned individuals.
Clinical features This type of pigmentation is persistent and symmetrical, and clinically presents as asymptomatic black or brown areas of varying size. The gingiva are most commonly affected, followed by thebuccal mucosa, palate, and lips (Fig. 81). The pigmentation is more prominent in areas of pressure or friction, and usually becomes more intense with increasing age.
Laboratory tests Histopathological examination.
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Differential diagnosis Addison disease, smoker’s melanosis, drug-induced pigmentation, pigmented nevi, melanoma, amalgam tattoo.
Treatment No treatment is required.
Fig. 81 Normal pigmentation of the gingiva.
